Struggles of the Nafs and How to Overcome Them

The nafs—often translated as the “self” or “ego”—is an integral part of every human being. In Islamic teachings, it represents the inner self that can incline towards both good and evil. Struggling against the nafs is a central aspect of spiritual growth, as it constantly tests a believer’s patience, discipline, and faith.

Understanding the Nafs

The Qur’an describes the nafs in various ways, often highlighting its conflicting nature:

  1. Nafs al-Ammarah (The Commanding Self) – The base self that inclines towards sin and desires.
  2. Nafs al-Lawwamah (The Reproachful Self) – The self that recognizes wrongdoing and feels guilt.
  3. Nafs al-Mutma’innah (The Peaceful Self) – The self that has achieved spiritual tranquility and submission to Allah.

Every believer experiences a struggle between these states. The goal is to transform the nafs from its commanding state to a peaceful one through self-discipline and divine guidance.

Common Struggles of the Nafs

  1. Desires and Temptations – The nafs often pushes us toward instant gratification, whether through food, wealth, or material comforts.
  2. Anger and Impatience – Controlling anger is one of the hardest battles against the nafs.
  3. Pride and Arrogance – The ego can lead to jealousy, boasting, and feelings of superiority.
  4. Procrastination in Worship – Laziness in performing prayers, fasting, or acts of charity is a sign of nafs overpowering the soul.
  5. Attachment to the World – Excessive attachment to worldly life can distract from spiritual goals.

How to Overcome the Nafs

Overcoming the nafs is not instantaneous—it requires consistent effort, self-awareness, and reliance on Allah. Here are key strategies:

1. Regular Self-Reflection

Take time daily to evaluate your actions, intentions, and emotions. Ask yourself:

  • Am I acting according to Allah’s guidance?
  • Which desires are controlling my behavior?

2. Spiritual Practices

  • Prayer (Salah) – Strengthens connection with Allah and disciplines the mind.
  • Fasting (Sawm) – Trains the nafs to resist physical desires.
  • Dhikr (Remembrance of Allah) – Keeps the heart focused on divine guidance and reduces temptations.

3. Seeking Knowledge

Understanding Islamic teachings, the Qur’an, and the Prophet’s (PBUH) guidance helps the nafs align with righteousness.

4. Good Company

Surround yourself with righteous people who encourage positive habits and discourage sin.

5. Patience and Gratitude

  • Sabr (Patience) helps resist anger and impulsive actions.
  • Shukr (Gratitude) shifts focus from worldly dissatisfaction to appreciation of Allah’s blessings.

6. Supplication (Dua)

Ask Allah for help in controlling the nafs. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught specific duas to seek protection from the evil inclinations of the self.

Conclusion

The struggle against the nafs is a lifelong journey. By acknowledging its presence, understanding its tendencies, and actively practicing self-discipline, a believer can gradually transform their inner self. Achieving mastery over the nafs leads to peace, contentment, and closeness to Allah—a state every Muslim strives to attain.